Andiroba (Carapa guianensis)
This species is one of the vulnerable (VU) Amazonian trees whose populations have declined significantly in recent decades. It typically grows 15–30 meters tall, with a straight trunk, broad crown, and aromatic leaves and fruits from which valuable oils are extracted. These oils are used in cosmetics, traditional medicine, and aromatherapy. Its wood is sturdy, pleasantly fragrant, and highly valued locally.
Why this tree is disappearing (VU – Vulnerable)
The main causes of population decline:
overharvesting for rare oils and timber
(extractive collection often exceeds the tree’s natural regenerative capacity)
pressure from logging companies on entire forest stands
– deforestation of lowland rainforests destroys its natural habitat
slow natural growth and low regeneration rates on disturbed sites
Without active protection and planting, it is disappearing rapidly.
Ecological and cultural importance
This tree has exceptional value:
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medicinal and cosmetic uses
– oils extracted from its fruits and wood are used in both traditional and modern healing -
a key species of lowland rainforest
→ provides shelter and food for many animal species -
contributes to maintaining microclimate, moisture, and nutrient cycles
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enhances biodiversity where other species cannot replace its ecological role
It is a tree valued both by local communities and by the entire Amazon ecosystem.
Appearance (short description)
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Height: 15–30 m
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Crown: broad and dense
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Trunk: straight, light brown to grey
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Leaves: aromatic, leathery
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Fruits: contain valuable oils used in medicine and cosmetics
Where to plant
It grows only in tropical regions.
✔ Ideal locations
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Amazonia — Brazil, Peru, Ecuador, Colombia
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humid lowland rainforests
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reforestation projects in deforested areas
How to plant
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in deep, moist, but well-drained soil
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young plants prefer partial shade, later full sunlight
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protect from competition by grasses and fast-growing invasive species
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allow space for a stable, deep root system
When to plant
During the rainy season (Amazonia: December–March).
This ensures the best start and rapid rooting.
Why plant it
Planting this species:
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supports conservation of vulnerable populations
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strengthens biodiversity of lowland rainforests
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safeguards sources of traditional medicinal and cosmetic oils
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assists in restoring forests under logging pressure
